Rectifiable set

In mathematics, a rectifiable set is a set that is smooth in a certain measure-theoretic sense. It is an extension of the idea of a rectifiable curve to higher dimensions; loosely speaking, a rectifiable set is a rigorous formulation of a piece-wise smooth set. As such, it has many of the desirable properties of smooth manifolds, including tangent spaces that are defined almost everywhere. Rectifiable sets are the underlying object of study in geometric measure theory.

Definition

A subset $E$ of Euclidean space $\mathbb{R}^n$ is said to be $m$ -rectifiable set if there exist a countable collection $\{f_i\}$ of continuously differentiable maps

$f_i:\mathbb{R}^m \to \mathbb{R}^n$

such that the $m$ -Hausdorff measure $\mathcal{H}^m$ of

$E\backslash \bigcup_{i=0}^\infty f_i\left(\mathbb{R}^m\right)$

is zero. The backslash here denotes the set difference. Equivalently, the $f_i$ may be taken to be Lipschitz continuous without altering the definition.

A set $E$ is said to be purely $m$ -unrectifiable if for every (continuous, differentiable) $f:\mathbb{R}^m \to \mathbb{R}^n$ , one has

$\mathcal{H}^m \left(E \cap f\left(\mathbb{R}^m\right)\right)=0.$

A standard example of a purely-1-unrectifiable set in two dimensions is the cross-product of the Smith-Volterra-Cantor set times itself.

References

T.C.O'Neil (2001), "Geometric measure theory", in Hazewinkel, Michiel, Encyclopedia of Mathematics, Springer, ISBN 978-1556080104, http://www.encyclopediaofmath.org/index.php?title=G/g130040